Canonical cross-language benchmarks

This page reports one complete local run of the canonical benchLANG suite on 2026-07-12. All 19 configured language implementations completed all five workloads with valid results.

The suite was run on Linux 7.0.0 x86-64 with an AMD Ryzen 9 5900X (12 cores, 24 threads) and 30 GiB of RAM. Each language was compiled once and executed once. The machine was not isolated, its CPU frequency was not locked, and other system load was present, so these measurements are a reproducible snapshot, not a claim of statistically stable rankings.

The canonical workloads are:

prime sieve up to 20,000,000;
recursive Fibonacci at fib(45);
5,000,000 string-processing iterations;
Mandelbrot at 4096 x 4096 with at most 256 iterations per pixel;
binary trees from depth 4 through depth 18.

Execution time is the workload's internal elapsed time. Compile time is the elapsed time for the suite build. LOC counts the complete source file for that language. Peak RSS is measured for the complete suite process with /usr/bin/time -v, and binary size is the complete generated suite artifact. Because all five workloads share one source file, build, LOC, RSS, and binary metrics repeat in each workload table. — means that the source-launch, JIT-driven, or interpreted execution path did not produce a separately measured compile phase or standalone binary.

Prime sieve

Language	Execution (s)	Compile (s)	LOC	Peak RSS	Binary
C	2.608	0.33	172	33.1 MiB	28.3 KiB
Rust	2.609	2.69	142	33.3 MiB	2.04 MiB
Nim	2.612	1.44	119	50.0 MiB	52.1 KiB
Zig	2.612	4.23	180	32.9 MiB	204.0 KiB
D	2.614	3.10	133	97.3 MiB	1.13 MiB
Java	2.615	—	127	561.8 MiB	—
Fortran	2.616	0.59	233	33.6 MiB	32.5 KiB
Ada	2.617	0.98	224	34.8 MiB	48.7 KiB
seed	2.622	0.84	218	33.2 MiB	27.8 KiB
C#	2.630	4.37	129	116.9 MiB	77.1 KiB
JavaScript (Bun)	2.649	—	108	342.8 MiB	—
JavaScript (Node)	2.663	—	108	303.2 MiB	—
Dart	2.905	1.22	130	69.8 MiB	6.45 MiB
Go	3.054	2.83	157	52.9 MiB	1.53 MiB
OCaml	3.090	0.31	118	87.4 MiB	1.86 MiB
Pascal	3.110	0.22	205	32.2 MiB	548.3 KiB
PHP	3.198	—	127	179.2 MiB	—
Python (PyPy3)	3.297	—	127	376.5 MiB	—
Python (Python3)	60.688	—	127	153.1 MiB	—

Recursive Fibonacci

Language	Execution (s)	Compile (s)	LOC	Peak RSS	Binary
Nim	0.096	1.44	119	50.0 MiB	52.1 KiB
Fortran	1.682	0.59	233	33.6 MiB	32.5 KiB
C	1.710	0.33	172	33.1 MiB	28.3 KiB
Ada	1.762	0.98	224	34.8 MiB	48.7 KiB
seed	2.979	0.84	218	33.2 MiB	27.8 KiB
Zig	3.074	4.23	180	32.9 MiB	204.0 KiB
Rust	3.082	2.69	142	33.3 MiB	2.04 MiB
D	3.083	3.10	133	97.3 MiB	1.13 MiB
C#	3.323	4.37	129	116.9 MiB	77.1 KiB
Java	3.974	—	127	561.8 MiB	—
OCaml	5.235	0.31	118	87.4 MiB	1.86 MiB
Go	5.584	2.83	157	52.9 MiB	1.53 MiB
Pascal	5.709	0.22	205	32.2 MiB	548.3 KiB
JavaScript (Bun)	7.489	—	108	342.8 MiB	—
Dart	7.850	1.22	130	69.8 MiB	6.45 MiB
JavaScript (Node)	11.452	—	108	303.2 MiB	—
Python (PyPy3)	12.589	—	127	376.5 MiB	—
PHP	18.944	—	127	179.2 MiB	—
Python (Python3)	113.390	—	127	153.1 MiB	—

The Nim result is reported exactly as measured, but its fib(45) time is a strong optimizer-specialization or constant-folding signal. It should not be used as comparative evidence until the workload gains an anti-folding input.

String processing

Language	Execution (s)	Compile (s)	LOC	Peak RSS	Binary
Zig	1.448	4.23	180	32.9 MiB	204.0 KiB
seed	1.513	0.84	218	33.2 MiB	27.8 KiB
JavaScript (Node)	1.812	—	108	303.2 MiB	—
Rust	2.105	2.69	142	33.3 MiB	2.04 MiB
C	2.124	0.33	172	33.1 MiB	28.3 KiB
Nim	2.188	1.44	119	50.0 MiB	52.1 KiB
C#	2.228	4.37	129	116.9 MiB	77.1 KiB
Ada	2.310	0.98	224	34.8 MiB	48.7 KiB
D	2.430	3.10	133	97.3 MiB	1.13 MiB
JavaScript (Bun)	2.742	—	108	342.8 MiB	—
Go	2.823	2.83	157	52.9 MiB	1.53 MiB
Fortran	3.405	0.59	233	33.6 MiB	32.5 KiB
Java	4.018	—	127	561.8 MiB	—
OCaml	4.093	0.31	118	87.4 MiB	1.86 MiB
Python (PyPy3)	4.896	—	127	376.5 MiB	—
Dart	5.871	1.22	130	69.8 MiB	6.45 MiB
PHP	7.251	—	127	179.2 MiB	—
Pascal	12.094	0.22	205	32.2 MiB	548.3 KiB
Python (Python3)	38.324	—	127	153.1 MiB	—

Mandelbrot

Language	Execution (s)	Compile (s)	LOC	Peak RSS	Binary
Nim	1.855	1.44	119	50.0 MiB	52.1 KiB
Go	1.911	2.83	157	52.9 MiB	1.53 MiB
Fortran	2.028	0.59	233	33.6 MiB	32.5 KiB
Ada	2.036	0.98	224	34.8 MiB	48.7 KiB
C	2.103	0.33	172	33.1 MiB	28.3 KiB
D	2.116	3.10	133	97.3 MiB	1.13 MiB
Rust	2.116	2.69	142	33.3 MiB	2.04 MiB
seed	2.119	0.84	218	33.2 MiB	27.8 KiB
Zig	2.119	4.23	180	32.9 MiB	204.0 KiB
C#	2.120	4.37	129	116.9 MiB	77.1 KiB
Dart	2.166	1.22	130	69.8 MiB	6.45 MiB
Java	2.166	—	127	561.8 MiB	—
JavaScript (Node)	2.167	—	108	303.2 MiB	—
OCaml	2.173	0.31	118	87.4 MiB	1.86 MiB
JavaScript (Bun)	2.177	—	108	342.8 MiB	—
Pascal	2.179	0.22	205	32.2 MiB	548.3 KiB
Python (PyPy3)	2.280	—	127	376.5 MiB	—
PHP	5.994	—	127	179.2 MiB	—
Python (Python3)	73.626	—	127	153.1 MiB	—

Binary trees

Language	Execution (s)	Compile (s)	LOC	Peak RSS	Binary
Java	0.550	—	127	561.8 MiB	—
OCaml	0.924	0.31	118	87.4 MiB	1.86 MiB
JavaScript (Bun)	0.930	—	108	342.8 MiB	—
Nim	0.939	1.44	119	50.0 MiB	52.1 KiB
Dart	0.959	1.22	130	69.8 MiB	6.45 MiB
C#	1.121	4.37	129	116.9 MiB	77.1 KiB
JavaScript (Node)	1.223	—	108	303.2 MiB	—
seed	1.263	0.84	218	33.2 MiB	27.8 KiB
Pascal	1.560	0.22	205	32.2 MiB	548.3 KiB
Fortran	1.600	0.59	233	33.6 MiB	32.5 KiB
C	1.626	0.33	172	33.1 MiB	28.3 KiB
Ada	1.795	0.98	224	34.8 MiB	48.7 KiB
Zig	1.943	4.23	180	32.9 MiB	204.0 KiB
Go	1.951	2.83	157	52.9 MiB	1.53 MiB
Rust	2.233	2.69	142	33.3 MiB	2.04 MiB
D	3.352	3.10	133	97.3 MiB	1.13 MiB
Python (PyPy3)	5.801	—	127	376.5 MiB	—
PHP	6.796	—	127	179.2 MiB	—
Python (Python3)	16.851	—	127	153.1 MiB	—

Complete suite

The complete-suite time is the sum reported by each implementation for all five workloads. It is included as an overview; the workload tables above remain the primary comparison.

Language	Execution (s)	Compile (s)	LOC	Peak RSS	Binary
Nim	7.698	1.44	119	50.0 MiB	52.1 KiB
C	10.171	0.33	172	33.1 MiB	28.3 KiB
seed	10.496	0.84	218	33.2 MiB	27.8 KiB
Ada	10.521	0.98	224	34.8 MiB	48.7 KiB
Zig	11.194	4.23	180	32.9 MiB	204.0 KiB
Fortran	11.331	0.59	233	33.6 MiB	32.5 KiB
C#	11.424	4.37	129	116.9 MiB	77.1 KiB
Rust	12.146	2.69	142	33.3 MiB	2.04 MiB
Java	13.331	—	127	561.8 MiB	—
D	13.595	3.10	133	97.3 MiB	1.13 MiB
Go	15.322	2.83	157	52.9 MiB	1.53 MiB
OCaml	15.515	0.31	118	87.4 MiB	1.86 MiB
JavaScript (Bun)	15.989	—	108	342.8 MiB	—
JavaScript (Node)	19.319	—	108	303.2 MiB	—
Dart	19.752	1.22	130	69.8 MiB	6.45 MiB
Pascal	24.652	0.22	205	32.2 MiB	548.3 KiB
Python (PyPy3)	28.863	—	127	376.5 MiB	—
PHP	42.224	—	127	179.2 MiB	—
Python (Python3)	302.933	—	127	153.1 MiB	—

Reproduction

The complete run used:

cd benchLANG
./run_benchmarks.sh --runs 1 --timeout 600

Local toolchain cache fixes were followed by targeted reruns for Zig, Go, Nim, C#, and Dart. The tables merge only the latest successful result for each language.